Motor neuron disorder (MND), also known as ALS, is a spectrum disorder that leads to the deterioration of corticospinal and alpha motor neurons, resulting in weakness in muscles such as those in the abdomen and bulbar region. It also affects eye muscles and sphincter function. Research suggests that approximately 2 out of every 100,000 people worldwide are affected by MND, causing muscle weakness, paralysis, speech difficulties, swallowing problems, and severe respiratory issues. ALS has both genetic and environmental causes, as well as various presentations. Early recognition of symptoms and appropriate laboratory evaluations are crucial to prevent diagnostic delays and misdiagnosis. Recognizing related motor neuron diseases can help provide proper counselling to patients and prevent misdiagnosis. This review aims to explore advances in understanding and managing motor neuron diseases, including their pathophysiology, diagnosis, types, current therapeutic approaches, pharmacological treatments, symptomatic and supportive care, and emerging therapies for future directions and management